| Glossary AD = Democratic Action party adeco = member of AD Angostura = former name of today’s Ciudad Bolivar, on the Orinoco river Apure = Venezuelan state in the llanos Arcaya = name of an important family in Venezuela Arria, Diego = important Venezuelan politician audiencia = high appeals court in Spanish colonial times Ayacucho = Peruvian city and province, site of famous battle Barcelona = eastern Venezuelan city Barquisimeto = west central Venezuelan city barrio = improved ranchería Bello, Andres = Venezuelan polymath in colonial times Betancourt, Romulo = founder of AD, sometimes called the "father of Venezuelan democracy" Bogotá = capital of Colombia Bolivar, Simon = known as The Liberator (of Venezuela and other Spanish American countries) Boves, Jose Tomás = Spanish caudillo who fought against Venezuelan independence cacique = Amerindian chieftain Caldera, Rafael = founder of COPEI captaincy-general = a political provincial rank in the Ibero-American colonial empires Caracas = capital of Venezuela Carúpano = east Venezuelan port caudillo = a political and/or military chieftain caudillismo = rule by caudillos chavista = having to do with Hugo Chavez COPEI = Social Christian party copeyano = member of COPEI Coro = city in western Venezuela, east of Maracaibo Cúcuta = city in Colombia Cumaná = east Venezuelan port El Callao = Lima’s port El Nacional = important Caracas daily gomecista = having to do with Juan Vicente Gomez Gomez, Juan Vicente = the longest lasting Venezuelan dictator grandes cacaos = mantuanos in colonial times Great Colombia = the union of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador espoused by Bolivar Great War of the Caudillos = also known as the Federalist war in Venezuela’s 19th century Guaicapuro = Venezuelan Amerindian cacique Guayana = the Venezuelan region south of the Orinoco river Guayaquil = largest city and principal port of Ecuador Guzman Blanco, Jose Antonio = a long-lasting, Paris-loving Venezuelan caudillo Herrera Campins, Luis = copeyano Venezuelan ex-president La Guaira = the port of Caracas La Plata = colonial name of Argentina leftists = in Venezuela, the gamut from extreme Marxists to all other forms of political radicalism Leoni, Raul = adeco Venezuelan ex-president Lima = Perú’s capital llanos = Venezuelan plains, also sabanas Lusinchi, Jaime = adeco Venezuelan ex-president mantuanos = name for the Venezuelan upper crust since colonial times Maracaibo = Venezuela’s second largest city near large oil fields Maracay = important city in central Venezuela Mérida = Andean Venezuelan city mestizo = pardo Miquilena, Luis = important Venezuelan politician, former communist Miranda, Francisco = called the Precursor, Venezuelan general during the French Revolution Monagas = name of ruling dynasty in Venezuela Morillo, Pablo = Spanish marshal who led expeditionary army against Venezuela New Granada = modern Colombia OAS = Organization of American States Otero Silva, Miguel = founder of El Nacional Paez, Jose Antonio = the caudillo who separated Venezuela from Great Colombia pardo = same as mestizo (mixed European- Amerindian, and African ancestry) Pedevesa = the Venezuelan oil company Perez Jiménez, Marcos = Venezuelan dictator perezjimenista = having to do with Marcos Perez Jimenez Petkoff, Teodoro = important Venezuelan politician, former communist Puerto Cabello = the port of Valencia Quijada, Manuel = important Venezuelan politician Quito = capital of Ecuador, but the name for the entire country during colonial times ranchería = shantytown rancho = shanty Rangel, Jose Vicente = important Venezuelan politician Saez, Irene = Venezuelan beauty queen and politician San Cristóbal = capital of Táchira San Martin, José de = Argetine Liberator of his country and Chile Santander, Francisco de Paula = Colombian independence leader Sucre, Jose Antonio = Venezuelan independence marshal Táchira = Andean Venezuelan state Trujillo = Andean Venezuelan state Upper Perú = today’s Bolivia URD = Republic Democratic Union party Villalba, Jóvito = important Venezuelan politician Valencia = third largest Venezuelan city, west of Caracas |